language and culture（尤金奈达language, culture and translation. 求原句及页数，谢谢）

本文目录

• 尤金奈达language, culture and translation. 求原句及页数，谢谢
• 英语作文 关于汉语和英语的区别
• What do you think is the relationship between English language learning and culture study What can
• How the relations between language and culture写200字英文小文章
• 英语作文:东方文化与西方文化的差异要简单点 三点原因就可以了
• 谁能帮我写一下The relationship between language and culture
• How the relations between language and culture写2

尤金奈达language, culture and translation. 求原句及页数，谢谢

出处：语言与文化:翻译中的语境 尤金奈达 上海外语教育出版社；Chapter 7，Language and Culture,第82页，第一句For truly successful translating,bilingualism is even more important than bicuturalism,since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function.

英语作文 关于汉语和英语的区别

关于汉语与英语之比较的个人看法 Chinese and English on the comparison of personal views Read the greatest invention of mankind - Chinese, compared at the same time about other people from another point of view the advantage of English and Chinese. I would also like to talk about my views: 1, there is a diversity of everything to make up for their deficiencies, while promoting common development and progress. What language can not dominate the world. The existence of biological diversity, language and culture is all about. We see the harmful effects of inbreeding it? Certainly do not rule out the possibility of a language-based, supplemented by the other. However, the advantages of Chinese can not be ignored. 2 Unfortunately, since I do not think there is natural language, or else I’m going to carefully study the language of other countries. With the integration process of the world, to define a language standard is essential, and that certain countries will be too hot speculation. However, we should see this one thing: we are currently used in the layout of the computer keyboard is not the most reasonable, there is a mathematical calculation, after the layout of the most reasonable, but did not spread to. The reason is that pre-emptive, so that people develop a habit of thinking, I would like to have nothing. Therefore, the Chinese people in urgent need of a comprehensive research report, so that really convinced people, at the same time vigorously publicize the advantages of Chinese, and consciously choose to learn Chinese. 3, has been, I have a question: Smart people do than the ancients? Some people say that some smart people over the ancients, because many of the invention is not aware of the ancients. It seems to me necessarily, not necessarily intelligent because you know how much knowledge, but how do you use, you deal with the methods and efficiency, as well as the ability to solve difficult problems. Moreover, we can learn how all this accumulated knowledge? Some of the ancients smart, that they can learn all the knowledge at that time, and can form their own ideas. However, different people, learning a lot of knowledge, but not a clue out of the rationale for the final but lost its self. Therefore, people should be a comprehensive thinker it is very difficult. We must study how to learn knowledge, what knowledge of science. The largest in their own ability to learn the premise that, at the same time find a way to maximize the learning of knowledge, can form their own way of thinking. I always feel that the process of human development, there may be missing a lot of important things, and these things are necessary for future development, when we have to spend a lot of efforts to restore these things. 4, the same time, we have to admit that the focus of every era is different. After World War II, everyone is concerned about the industrialization. The main concern today is the computer information technology. Perhaps because this point of view of the language would also prefer the advantages of computer applications. But the most basic things have not changed, and that is knowledge. People like to use the word science and technology, in fact, should be interpreted as using existing knowledge to solve the problem can be the most effective way. Because the technology has the time, but it certainly does not mean that the latest knowledge. Modern soldiers are not still under study, "The Art of War" it? When we recognized the advantages of a language, there are bound to this type of language is based on new ideas all over the world when popular movements. This does not rule out some kind of language is modified. Alas! I just wish to raise their own problems and ideas, may not represent a point of view, as long as I like the idea, and it has been maintained. I finally understand the sentence: I think, therefore I am!看过人类最伟大的发明--汉语，同时比较了一下其它人从另外一种角度来看英语和汉语的优势。 我也在此谈一谈我的看法： 1、凡事都存在一个多样性，以弥补彼此的不足，同时能促进共同的发展进步。不可能哪种语言一统天下的。生物存在多样性，语言文化亦如此。大家不见近亲结婚的害处吗？当然不排除以某种语言为主，其它的为辅了。但汉语的优势是不容忽视的。 2、可惜我自认为没有语言天赋，否则我就要好好研究一下各国语言了。随着当前世界一体化的进程，确定一种语言标准是势在必行的，一定会被各国炒得火热。但我们应当看到这样一件事：我们目前所用的计算机键盘的布局并不是最合理的，有一种经过数学计算最合理的布局，但没有流传开来。原因在于先下手为强，让人们养成了一种习惯思维，想改都改不了。所以，汉语急需有人提出一个全面的研究报告，让别人确实信服，同时大力宣传汉语的优势，而自觉选择学习汉语。 3、一直以来，我都有一个疑问：现代人一定比古人聪明吗？有人说现代人一定聪明过古人，因为现在的很多发明是古人所不知道的。依我看不一定，聪明不一定是因为你知道多少知识，而在于你如何运用，你处理问题的方法和效率，以及解决疑难问题的能力。而且，我们又如何能学会这日积月累的所有知识呢？有些古人聪明，在于他们能学会当时的全部知识，并能形成自己的思想。但现代人不同，学了很多知识，但却理不出一个头绪出来，最后反而失去了自我。所以，现代人要出一个全面的思想家是很难的。我们必须要研究如何去学知识，学什么知识。在人自身最大的学习能力前提下，找到一种同时最大限度的学习知识，又能形成自己的思想方法。我总觉得，人类在发展的过程中，可能遗漏了很多重要的东西，而这些东西又是以后发展所必需的，到时我们又要花很大的精力来还原这些东西。 4、同时，我们不得不承认，每个时代关注的重点都是不同的。二战后，大家关注的是工业化。现代人关注的主要是计算机信息化。可能因为这一点，大家对各语言的优势看法也会偏向计算机的应用。但是最基本的东西没有变，那就是知识。现代人喜欢用科技这个词，其实应该解释为用现有的知识所能解决问题的最有效方法。因为科技具有时间性，但它不代表就一定是最新的知识。现代的军人不是还在研究《孙子兵法》吗？ 当我们公认某种语言的优势时，必然也是以该种语言为基础的新思想运动流行全世界的时候。这也不排除是改良的某种语言。 唉！我只是提出自己的问题和想法而已，并不代表某种观点，只要我有这个想法就好了，并且一直保持下去。 我终于明白一句话：我思，故我在！

What do you think is the relationship between English language learning and culture study What can

Language is the verbal expression of culture. Culture is the idea,custom and beliefs of a community with a distinct language containing semantics - everything a speakers can think about and every way they have of thinking about things as medium of communication. For example, the Latin language has no word for the female friend of a man (the feminine form of amicus is amica, which means mistress, not friend) because the Roman culture could not imagine a male and a female being equals, which they considered necessary for friendship. Another example is that Eskimos have many different terms for snow...there are nuances that make each one different. Language and culture are NOT fundamentally inseparable. At the most basic level, language is a method of expressing ideas. That is, language is communication; while usually verbal, language can also be visual (via signs and symbols), or semiotics (via hand or body gestures). Culture, on the other hand, is a specific set of ideas, practices, customs and beliefs which make up a functioning society as distinct. A culture must have at least one language, which it uses as a distinct medium of communication to conveys its defining ideas, customs, beliefs, et al., from one member of the culture to another member. Cultures can develop multiple languages, or "borrow" languages from other cultures to use; not all such languages are co-equal in the culture. One of the major defining characteristics of a culture is which language(s) are the primary means of communication in that culture; sociologists and anthropologists draw lines between similar cultures heavily based on the prevalent language usage. Languages, on the other hand, can be developed (or evolve) apart from its originating culture. Certain language have scope for cross-cultural adaptations and communication, and may not actually be part of any culture. Additionally, many languages are used by different cultures (that is, the same language can be used in several cultures). Language is heavily influenced by culture - as cultures come up with new ideas, they develop language components to express those ideas. The reverse is also true: the limits of a language can define what is expressible in a culture (that is, the limits of a language can prevent certain concepts from being part of a culture). Finally, languages are not solely defined by their developing culture(s) - most modern languages are amalgamations of other prior and current languages. That is, most languages borrow words and phrases ("loan words") from other existing languages to describe new ideas and concept. In fact, in the modern very-connected world, once one language manufactures a new word to describe something, there is a very strong tendency for other languages to "steal" that word directly, rather than manufacture a unique one itself. The English language is a stellar example of a "thief" language - by some accounts, over 60% of the English language is of foreign origin (i.e. those words were originally imported from another language). Conversely, English is currently the world’s largest "donor" language, with vast quantities of English words being imported directly into virtually all other languages.

How the relations between language and culture写200字英文小文章

The relationship between language and culture It is difficult to say whether language affect the culture or the opposite.But the point we couldn’t deny is that when we mention the language,it’s inevitably to think about its culture.They are bounded to each other.Language and culture are existed at the same time.If there’s no language,then culture is nothing.It’s the premise of the cultural formation and development,and the cultural development has also enriched the language.Language is an important symbol that distinguished human beings from animals.It’s said that there are many mons between them in terms of the biology.But people have the language that animals don’t have.Then religions,belief,morality,custom that belong to culture have been exited.Humans have created culture by taking advantage of language,and in turn,culture has promoted humans toward greater progress.The cultural heritage of human society has embedded the language with a deep mark since ancient times.The human language exists in human culture,it has close relations with human society.Language is an access to understand another culture.It’s a window through which you can find another world.If you want to learn a foreign culture,you have to experience by yourself and by your heart.And the only mean is language.Only after master a foreign language can you bee a part of that society,otherwise the feelings you’ve got are that of others.This kind of feeling will change a bit every through a tran *** ission.It’s not enough to master a foreign language.You also have to know the culture well otherwise we don’t know what others are talking about.Like sometimes watching American movies,I don’t know what the performers are laughing at.Like reading an essay,I can’t realize what the author is trying to express even though I know every world.“He is the person that waves feather fan.” If a Chinese learner wants to know what it means,he has to study the Chinese cultural backgrounds.So foreign language learners have to explore the culture,like how to greet each other,how to introduce guests,how to give and receive gifts,just to name a few.The native speakers learn the cultural knowledge unconsciously.These differences are not the maters of grammar or vocabulary,but the language use rules.It is difficult for language learners to master because of the lack of cultural environment.It’s a general topical.Here I just have talked a few points about the relationship between language and culture.In summary,language is a part of culture,but the most special part which can represent some elements of culture.And in turn,culture has strongly influenced and shaped the language.,4,

英语作文:东方文化与西方文化的差异要简单点 三点原因就可以了

中文：东方文化与西方文化的差异：东方的国家与西方国家最大的差别就是,语言差别、文化差别、理解差别.我们对事物的了解与认识,在西方可能是有一定的差异.不管是动物、事物都有自己的理解.在语言上,各有各的说法.每个国家都有自己的语言和文化,是各个国家的精粹. 英文：Oriental culture and west cultural difference:Nation and west of the east national biggest difference be,language difference,cultural difference,comprehension difference.Our understand to the thing and understanding may have certain difference in the west.No matter is animal,things to all have their own comprehensions.On the language,it is each to have each parlance.There are his/her own language and culture in each nation,is each essence of nation.

谁能帮我写一下The relationship between language and culture

悬赏分只有20..相信没有什么人会帮你原创一篇吧..Language and CultureThere are many ways in which the phenomena of language and culture are intimately related. Both phenomena are unique to humans and have therefore been the subject of a great deal of anthropological, sociological, and even memetic study. Language, of course, is determined by culture, though the extent to which this is true is now under debate. The converse is also true to some degree: culture is determined by language - or rather, by the replicators that created both, memes.Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure were entirely dependent on the cultural context in which they existed. This was a logical extension of what is termed the Standard Social Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinitely malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors.In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the 1950’s, giving color samples to different American Indian tribes and asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that the spectrum we see as "green", "yellow", etc. was an entirely arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrum separately. According to this hypothesis, the divisions seen between colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do not correspond to divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis is upheld in the extremely popular meme of Eskimo words for snow - common stories vary from fifty to upwards of two hundred.Extreme cultural relativism of this type has now been clearly refuted. Eskimos use at most twelve different words for snow, which is not many more than English speakers and should be expected since they exist in a cold climate. The color-relativity hypothesis has now been completely debunked by more careful, thorough, and systematic studies which show a remarkable similarity between the ways in which different cultures divide the spectrum.Of course, there are ways in which culture really does determine language, or at least certain facets thereof. Obviously, the ancient Romans did not have words for radios, televisions, or computers because these items were simply not part of their cultural context. In the same vein, uncivilized tribes living in Europe in the time of the Romans did not have words for tribunes, praetors, or any other trapping of Roman government because Roman law was not part of their culture.Our culture does, sometimes, restrict what we can think about efficiently in our own language. For example, some languages have only three color terms equivalent to black, white, and red; a native speaker of this language would have a difficult time expressing the concept of "purple" efficiently. Some languages are also more expressive about certain topics. For example, it is commonly acknowledged that Yiddish is a linguistic champion, with an amazing number of words referring to the simpleminded. (The Language Instinct by Steven Pinker, p.260.)Culture and Language - United by MemesAccording to the memetic theorist Susan Blackmore, language developed as a result of memetic evolution and is an example of memes providing a selection pressure on genes themselves. (For more on Blackmore’s theory visit The Evolution of Language.) The definition of a culture in memetic theory is an aggregate of many different meme sets or memeplexes shared by the majority of a population. Using memetic reasoning, it can be seen that language - itself created by memes and for memes - is the principal medium used for spreading memes from one person to another.As Blackmore states in The Meme Machine, memes were born when humans began to imitate each other. According to her theory, this event preceded - indeed, had to precede - the development of language. When imitation became widespread, producing selection pressure on genes for successful imitation, memes began to exploit verbalizations for better and more frequent transmission. The end result of this complex process was language, and the anatomical alterations needed for its successful use.Language, created by memes as a mechanism for ensuring better memetic propagation, has certainly been a success. Today, the vast majority of memes are transmitted via language, through direct speech, written communication, radio or television, and the internet. Relatively few memes are transmitted in a non-linguistic way, and those that are have very specific, localized purposes, such as artwork and photography. Even these media, though nonlinguistic in themselves, assume language and very rarely appear without some sort of linguistic commentary. This might take the form of a critical analysis of an artwork, a caption for a photograph, a voice-over for a video, etc.Language as Part of CultureFor many people, language is not just the medium of culture but also is a part of culture. It is quite common for immigrants to a new country to retain their old customs and to speak their first language amid fellow immigrants, even if all present are comfortable in their new language. This occurs because the immigrants are eager to preserve their own heritage, which includes not only customs and traditions but also language. This is also seen in many Jewish communities, especially in older members: Yiddish is commonly spoken because it is seen as a part of Jewish culture.Linguistic differences are also often seen as the mark of another culture, and they very commonly create divisiveness among neighboring peoples or even among different groups of the same nation. A good example of this is in Canada, where French-speaking natives of Quebec clash with the English-speaking majority. This sort of conflict is also common in areas with a great deal of tribal warfare. It is even becoming an issue in America as speakers of standard American English - mainly whites and educated minorities - observe the growing number of speakers of black English vernacular. Debates are common over whether it is proper to use "Ebonics" in schools, while its speakers continue to assert that the dialect is a fundamental part of the "black culture".

How the relations between language and culture写2

The relationship between language and culture It is difficult to say whether language affect the culture or the opposite. But the point we couldn’t deny is that when we mention the language, it’s inevitably to think about its culture. They are bounded to each other. Language and culture are existed at the same time. If there’s no language, then culture is nothing. It’s the premise of the cultural formation and development, and the cultural development has also enriched the language. Language is an important symbol that distinguished human beings from animals. It’s said that there are many commons between them in terms of the biology. But people have the language that animals don’t have. Then religions, belief, morality, custom that belong to culture have been exited. Humans have created culture by taking advantage of language, and in turn, culture has promoted humans toward greater progress. The cultural heritage of human society has embedded the language with a deep mark since ancient times. The human language exists in human culture, it has close relations with human society. Language is an access to understand another culture. It’s a window through which you can find another world. If you want to learn a foreign culture, you have to experience by yourself and by your heart. And the only mean is language. Only after master a foreign language can you become a part of that society, otherwise the feelings you’ve got are that of others. This kind of feeling will change a bit every through a transmission. It’s not enough to master a foreign language. You also have to know the culture well otherwise we don’t know what others are talking about. Like sometimes watching American movies, I don’t know what the performers are laughing at. Like reading an essay, I can’t realize what the author is trying to express even though I know every world. “He is the person that waves feather fan.” If a Chinese learner wants to know what it means, he has to study the Chinese cultural backgrounds. So foreign language learners have to explore the culture, like how to greet each other, how to introduce guests, how to give and receive gifts, just to name a few. The native speakers learn the cultural knowledge unconsciously. These differences are not the maters of grammar or vocabulary, but the language use rules. It is difficult for language learners to master because of the lack of cultural environment. It’s a general topical. Here I just have talked a few points about the relationship between language and culture. In summary, language is a part of culture, but the most special part which can represent some elements of culture. And in turn, culture has strongly influenced and shaped the language.